How Does Spin Change the Surroundings?

What can spin alter outside the horizon, and how do astronomers infer it?

You defined a*, r_g, and ISCO; compared retrograde, zero-spin, and prograde states; and separated measured X-rays from a model-dependent spin estimate.

A rotating black hole surrounded by an amber accretion disk and cool-blue streamlines that sweep around the dark centre. — Vastward artistic reconstruction. The sweep lines suggest rotating spacetime and the glowing disk shows exterior matter. They are not a direct view of a spinning surface.

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