How Can a Spectrum Constrain Stellar Surface Gravity?

How do mass, radius, atmospheric pressure, and selected line wings separate dwarfs, giants, and supergiants?

Calculate relative gravity, decode log g, and use several pressure-sensitive features through atmosphere models.

Three warm-coloured stars increase from dwarf to giant to supergiant above absorption profiles whose pressure-sensitive wings become progressively narrower. — Vastward scientific visualization. Stellar sizes and line profiles are arranged for comparison, not drawn to one physical scale.

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