Which instrument can answer the question?

How do scientists turn curiosity into a measurable signal, then choose an instrument that can actually detect it?

Begin with the physical signal, not a favorite machine. Compare cameras, spectrometers, radar, and magnetometers across three mission questions.

A robotic orbiter uses imaging, spectral, and magnetic sensing methods beside an icy moon. — Vastward artistic reconstruction. The beams and field arcs make different sensing methods visible; their width, color, and geometry are not to scale.

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