How do we read an asteroid without opening it?

How do changing brightness, radar echoes, images, and bulk density reveal shape, spin, and hidden voids?

Use Bennu, a near-Earth asteroid mapped and sampled by NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission, to combine independent measurements and distinguish a solid fragment from a loose rubble pile.

Irregular rubble-pile asteroid with a small observing spacecraft and subtle radar arcs against deep space. — Vastward artistic reconstruction. Shape, surface detail, spacecraft distance, and radar arcs are composed for teaching and are not one direct observation.

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